Nursing Practice Gap Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Practice Gap Paper - see ExampleThis is important in guaranteeing the quality of nursing practice. Linking surmise to practice would also make it lucky for nurses to carry out their work in a professional way. Identification of nursing practice sweep In modern nursing, more nurses and health organisations are finding it necessary to work with the society as a way of improving the way the health services are delivered to the persevering. This involves working closely with the family of the patient in order to ensure that the patient is getting the right care. This practice is based on the incident that when a member of the family is sick, the whole family is affected, and the whole family must be taken care of to be open to restore the health of the individual as quickly as possible. Lack of theory Although many health care institutions are trying to apply this practice, there is very little suppositious support for the practice. This means that, there is no guidance on how nurses should be satisfactory to apply this practice. It also means that, there is no standard template, which eject be applied to this practice and this in turn means that individual healthcare institutions will try to implement this in their own different way (Allmark, 1995). Lack of a abstractive cloth has also meant that the application of this practice in nursing is also devoid of ways in which to measure the outcome of the practice. There is, therefore, a deep deprivation to come up with a divinatory framework, which will be a guiding master-plan on how this should be carried out (Basford & Slevin, 2006). In applying this practice without a well researched and developed framework, there is a risk that this will be applied the wrong way, and this whitethorn affect the quality of the healthcare given to patients. Current theories Although there are no scientific theories, which can be used to elucidate this practice, the science of unitary homosexual beings theory as developed by Martha E. Rogers is one of the theories, which can be used to understand this area of practice. The Science of unitary human beings theory looks at the human body as a unit of energy, which relates with the rest of the universe, including living and non living things. This by extension can be used to explain how patients relate to their family members during the recovery period. Science of unitary human beings theoretical framework is a grand theory, which covers a lot of mini-theories about nursing. The importance of this is the fact that it focuses on the individual and how the individual relates with the world around them. Rationale for theory for this practice There is a need to develop a theory which will guide on this nursing practice. This is due to a moment of important reasons. To begin with, as discussed in the introduction, practice without theory is blind. It is necessary to develop a theoretical framework, which will be a guiding motif for nurses to im plement the practice. Developing a theoretical framework will aid nursing processionals to know how to practice this and how to get the best results from using the practice in nursing (Scully, 2011). Measurability through laid out expectations of the practice will also be achieved through the development of a theoretical framework. One of the fundamental uses of theory in nursing is to be able to

Professional football players salaries are too high and it should be Essay

professional football players salaries argon too high and it should be decreased by 40 percent and lot of it should be spent to i - Essay ExamplePeople turn the television on and chances are a zippy is being aired. Some good deal tend to ignore sports, and just concentrate on the grim issues happening in the valet. However, differents are fanatics for games, and cannot spend a day or two without reflexion football. Every sport, which is on television, is leisure for the community. Oblivious individuals who are self-seeking usually do not jimmy all the effort, time and hard work it undertakes to be a qualified footballer. Professional players duty is playing the game they love. Footballers, for instance, are projected to obtain a high waged income because of the fans that come to clog and watch them at the games. Being a footballer is there occupation, and they must be waged high incomes. shift the salaries of footballers by 40 percent will undermine their effort and reduce their indigence towards the game. Lack of motivation can lead to poor performances on the part of the player. Additionally, a footballer can suffer an deformity that will require him to use billions of money to cure it. It will be impossible for footballers to obtain the lift out medical care if the salaries are reduced. It is crucial to keep in mind that there are other entities organizations, companies, institutions and government bodies that contribute and invest billions in the football games. Football falls under creative sparing where its value and significance lies in ideas. Football is a big business, for instance, Real Madrid in the 2011 pecuniary year, it made $695 million or more. In the FIFAs current Big Count, 280 million people -4% of the worlds populace are engaged in football. Therefore, football is a part of the creative economy. fictive economy denotes to a part of the economy, which draws its value by creating and dispensing cultural services and goods, which influence the economy through and through generating jobs, income, and value of life. Connecting football to the imaginative economy equates football tocultural charitable organizations, artists, and inventive businesses. This signifies that footballers can be likened to actors, dancers, painters, sculptors, educators, as well as other occupation paths linked with enriching community with a vibrant civilization. I postulate that football is part of this creative economy because it produces and distributes cultural goods that directly impact quality of life and the connections amongst people. Soccer influences the quality of existencesince the experience connects people with others and permitspeople to elude the pain, predicaments, and hurt which they experience theireveryday lives. A football game is a show. The football players are performers in a theatre whose laws run play however,they do not determine it. The audiences come from diverse perspectives in the domainto have a sta ke in the game (Publishing, 2010). Typically, people think that soccer is played within blue-collar, business cities, whose personnel emerges to support and back the regional aggroup still, soccer is similarly played inin jails, schools, and also by construction workforces. Currently, particularly, football is a worldwide game, which brings jointly not only the employed class workers in business centers but as well professional personnel from cultural centers like Barcelona. In this manner, football becomes anethnic institution,which defines peoples own identity. Football is an inventive enterprise, which connects persons across geographic, temporal and political boundaries. It is inventive both on account

Memorandum to Canada's National Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memorandum to Canadas National Leader - Essay ExampleIt is recommended that mediation, negotiations and discourse in addition to the application of the law be applied in the mitigation of the various protective covering system department challenges which ar facing the advanced(a) Nigerian society. National security challenge in Nigeria There is a lot of insecurity in Nigeria which manifests itself in different forms in various parts of the nation. In south-central West Nigeria there be many incidences of armed robbery (Eme and Anthony 172). The Northern part of the deposit on the other elapse is characterized by operations of cross-border bandits. The south is full of kidnapping incidences which are reported on daily basis. It is notable that no citizen is spared. Children, the aged, government officials, professionals, titled men, professionals and women have not been spared at all from the security curses which are currently Nigerias talk of the day (Enu and Ude 254). The security challenge that the various parts of Nigeria are experiencing demonstrate how national insecurity in such a significant scare within the contemporary Nigerian society. Insecurity is so rampant in Nigeria that it is becoming a norm. The common wave of offensive activity in Nigeria and the current use of explosives and other terrorist instruments further reveal how such crimes are a threat to the national security (Omede 90). The lawlessness which characterizes the modern Nigeria is attributed to the nefariousity which is ever becoming common within the say (Hills 92). It is notable that the response of the governing authorities to incidences of insecurity is very inadequate. Investigations are called after major security threats but they never lead to substantive mitigation of the security problem. On daily basis Nigerians establishment the fate of criminal activity which has led to many killings without the killers being arrested. As a result, there is minuscular f ear among the criminals within the country be sustain they know that in one way or another they are likely to escape the long arm of the law. The social and economic insecurity in Nigeria which is perpetuated by the state of lawlessness in the country has led to misery within the society and threats to the well being of the citizens (Ayodele 301). The basis causes of insecurity in Nigeria have been theorized. The armed robbery theory stipulates that the major cause of incidences of insecurity within the country is the increasing incidents of armed robbery. This theory recognizes that there exist groups in Nigeria with the intent for armed criminal activity. Moreover, the armed robbery theory explains the armed nature of Nigerian politics where elections are characterized by force as the electoral tool (Omede 101). However what makes the insecurity problem in Nigeria worse is the fact that the modern armed groups within the country are more trained, sophisticated and armed than in the past which poses a challenge to the governing authorities and police departments. The shift economic theory on the other hand describes the cause of the increasing insecurity within Nigeria as an adjunct of the ever growing number of youths who are scrambling for the labor market without success. Failure to acquire jobs makes the young people to indulge in criminal activities. The wobble economic theory further illustrates that the high level of poverty within the Nigerian society is the cause of peoples attraction to violence. The ruling opposition party theory has also been linked to the causes of Nigeria

History 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History 2 - Essay ExampleKeep fear away from me, Varuna, and hold fast to me, O emperor of suppose (Rig Veda 286). This line proves that Aryans believed in things that cannot be physically proven like metaphysics and deity. Believing in such(prenominal) things cant be adopted as a result of discovering physical evidence in the universe. The Aryan mythology believes that graven image appears as embodiments of essential phenomena and as allegories of the internal forces in the human bosom (Schroeder, 1938, p. 60). This intellect results in the view that humans and other natural phenomena are similar to each other (Schroeder, 1938, p. 60).Since god appears as natural phenomena and internal forces, this view made Indo-Aryans love god without the fear that can be found in other religions like Islam. Varuna isnt praised in the Rig Veda as much as God is praised in the Quran. capital of Minnesota Deussen (n.d.) supports this theory. About this theory he says While with the Semites God i s above all master and mankind his servant, with the Indogermans Indo-Aryan the idea of God as father and mankind as his children prevails (Schroeder, 1938, p. 61).The 6th line mentions that Aryans fear something and they ask God Varuna to take that fear away. Some lines mention the things that Aryans feared including the 9th line Move far from me what sins I have committed let me not suffer, King, for guilt of others.

Mansoor Ahmad Saad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mansoor Ahmad Saad - sample Example5.Is the sample appropriate? Is the sample large enough? Is the sample truly representative of the germane(predicate) population? What are the particular issues with this population? Are the tasks and materials appropriate?To answer the first question of the critique, the rule for carrying out the research is discussed. As argued by Prezant and Marshak (2006), parents of children with disabilities need a broad range of support function from service providers and child care units so that they could facilitate positive outcomes for their children and these support services will ingest to be aimed in a manner that meets the call for of the parents of children with disabilities.The needs of the parents whitethorn be varied and they whitethorn not always agree with professionals on what actions or services are truly helpful. In place to understand the parents viewpoints on the type of support services required, this research paper by Prezant and M arshak (2006) have cerebrate on the aims of examining provisions of health care services provided to disabled children from the parents perspectives.The authors cite Kerr (1984) suggesting that the concept of help may differ from one person to another and that parents may have different opinions of help when compared with the professionals so it is essential to understand parents view of what constitutes help. The theoretical framework thus seems strong in this case as the authors provide their case and their argument in a convincing manner, drawing on a conceptual framework of help and service. Help could be understood not only on the basis of unmet needs but also the type of nature of help needed. Marshak and Present (2006) suggest that parental perspectives on the shape of services provided to their children are very important as parents decide on what kind of help should be available to their children and what is most suitable for their children. Considering this, the authors do provide a string rationale

Robot Lawnmowers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robot Lawnmowers - Essay ExampleThe sellers make their customers bargain for them and thus ample time is saved for attracting new clientele and persuading them to buy robot lawnmowers. This not sole(prenominal) saves time but also offers huge profit.2.1.3. The best robot lawnmowers that ar being s centenarian in the market holding positive feedback from the elderly and the disabled consumers include Robomower, Lawnbott, and Husqvarna Automower (Squidoo LLC, 2011). Robomower is being do by a company in Israel named Friendly Robotics, and is being traded into the US by Systems Trading Corporation (STC). Lawnbott is being made by an Italian company named Zucchetti Centro Sistemi and is being imported by Kyodo America (KA). It is marketed by the name of Ambrogio in Europe. Automower is made by a Swedish company and is imported and marketed by official Husqvarna dealers.2.2.1.1. Robot market is developing at a fast pace since robots are making lives easier by automating the systems a nd leaving comme il faut time for leisure along with saving money (Fuller, 1991). Since new technology is continuously replacing the old one, the price of robot lawnmowers is dropping and is expected to further drop in the coming years with a simultaneous increase in their usage especially by consumers who are elderly or are disabled.2.2.1.2. The technology regarding the hardware, software and design is being improved but the component prices are dropping since the exact is increasing. The robot market is seriously catching the needs of the elderly and the disabled persons and the robot lawnmower market also consider them their biggest consumers.2.2.3.1. The robotic mower market is expected to quadruple in the coming few years. However, at least a decade is needed for these lawnmowers to replace the contractors business so in the meanwhile the contractors can make enforce of these intelligent devices to make money in their businesses.2.6.2. In

Economic class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic class - Essay ExampleThe models fitted well into the turnarain framework while the attention paid to the link between market forces and institutional development made a richer discussion. The fierceness on foreign and external demand sources to trigger growth has much more appeal that those explanations that are based upon supply forces and that seem to lack a starting mechanism. Regional specialization and possibilities for inter-regional trade in the antebellum Unites States have intrigued economists and historians alike. The works of Douglass C. North have stimulated a lot of research on the location and the growth of industries and populations. The issue of economics of slavery complemented the study of regional development. Discussion revolves around southern development, both in the agricultural and manufacturing sector, with particular attention being paid to the question to which the south was boffo or could have been successful in feeding itself as well as prod ucing staples for export. The evidence roll up by various researchers indicated that the south was largely independent of the western food supplies (Herbst Lawarence 1975, 264-270).The basic model utilise by North bares resemblance to that by Innis as the staple

Impacts of a Borderless Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impacts of a Borderless Society - Essay ExampleThis is manageable because of the borderless society that we are living in today.Although a borderless society makes it possible to access products all course of instruction round globally, it also has some negative impacts from economic, social and environmental perspectives. A borderless society reduces the world into a global village where it is very likely that national identities and cultural values may be mazed (Reimann, 2002).Market competition has now become very stiff as a result of the thought of a borderless society. Countries that have goods of low quality and unfavorable prices do not have the chance in the global market. Some countries have taken advantage of the borderless society, and utilize cheap sedulousness that is available in other countries. For example, many Western companies have relocated to Asian countries to take advantage of the cheap labor in these countries and the operations cost are low (Laudon & Tra ver, 2013).Sirloin steak refers to the steak that is cut from the back of an animal. The name sirloin originated from England when a certain(p) king after having the steak liked it so much that he decided to knight it. Many multitude probably would only say which grocery store their sirloin comes from opposed to the geographical area in which it was produced. nigh of the beef that is consumed in the United States for instance originates from the U.S with only 8-20 % originating from foreign countries (Emel & Neo, 2013).American cattle ranchers have move to show interest in sustainable beef production practices that have minimal adverse environmental, bionomic and social impacts. Research has shown that the beef industry in America has made achievements in environmental sustainability by using less water, emitting less greenhouse gas and avoiding overgrazing. America only imports beef products that have met sustainability standards nonplus by the Global Beef Trade. It can theref ore be concluded that

The Idea Behind The Veneration of Relics Research Paper

The Idea Behind The Veneration of Relics - Research Paper compositors caseAccording to the New Testament, an old woman who had been suffering from a hemorrhage for quite a slice found a way out. Seeing Jesus in the crowds, she told herself I only need to interest the hem of his garment, then I will be healed and Jesus, who felt the power leave from him, sullen to the woman and told her that her faith had healed her (The origin of relics). Relics be present in almost every religion. Christians, Muslims, and Hindus discombobulate their own relics that have huge significance in the historical literature of these religions. Muslims consider the Holy weewee of Zam Zam as sacred. It is also considered as an antidepressant. Hindus bathe in the River of Ganges because they believe that doing so would make them wanton of their sins and would purify their souls. good deal believe relics to be solutions for their problems as human beings. Relics argon considered as the blessings of God Almighty. They are not just objects but are actually means of spiritual revival and enlightenment. For example, the Holy peeing is thought to have many positive effects on the battalion who drink it. The veneration of relics People has huge regard for the relics as they are the belongings or in some way machine-accessible to the people they revere. People who possess relics show respect for them in many ways, which include placing the relic at an elevated place in the house and decorating the relic in beautiful and costly frames. Most people feel honored and blessed to have a relic while others are ready to earnings any cost to attain one. The veneration of relics has sustained through history as a custom, which in the beginning encouraged people to visit the martyrs graves in the reign of the apostles. It was and is still believed that God shows miracles related to the relics. In all, relics remind us of the holiness of a saint and his cooperation in Gods work at the like ti me, relics inspire us to ask for the prayers of that saint and to beg the grace of God to live the same kinda faith-filled life (Saunders cited in What is a Relic?). However, some people go so ahead(predicate) in their veneration for a relic that they overlook the significance of the Creator, whose obedience gave the saint the status that his relics are being preserved by people, and give the relic more importance. This makes it rather a sin. First family unit relics are composed of a saints physical form. It could also be the physical body of any individual whose sainthood cause is meant to be fostered. First class relics can be a celestial orbit of features in the physical body that include but are not limited to a hair, crash of a bone or dust collected from the coffin of the saint or the individual. The relic is held in place with the help of melted wax. Any relic related to Our Lord is also considered first class. A splinter of the True Cross upon which Our Lord died is an example. The Eucharist is considered the highest first-class relic but it is never housed in a theca (First, Second, & Third). Rather it is offered as Holy Communion to the people who practice religion.

Organisational Strategy and Decision Making Essay

Organisational strategy and Decision Making - Essay ExampleThis is the simplest definition of the term strategy. However in real life, the formation faces a lot of complexity to form & maintain a strategy. (Jeffs, 2008, pp. 13-14) A strategy addresses questions like- Whats the prey of the firm What ar the resources of the firm Who atomic number 18 the competitors What strategy are they adopting What pros & cons did they face In which ways our intersection point is separate from theirs Who are our target consumers How to reach them Whats the budget allocated for the promotion of the products The prices fixed are jibe to the market or not How to know the customers preference Through which channels we chiffonier promote our products Are we adapting an ethical approach Are we carrying out the Corporate Social Responsibility These questions are never ending. From the questions its clear that strategy can be formed to address any issue, be it the launch of a new product, be it a sa les promotion effort or be it budget creation. Strategies ultimately helps the organization in the decision devising process. Introduction Strategy formulation depends on the managements ability & organizations resources. These are the predictable issues which can be answered by forming brilliant strategies. however we should also keep a preparedness for the uncertainties of the environment. These uncertainties can destroy any good enterprise if the provision to face them is not properly & timely created. The objectives of a firm are the primary guideline for preparing the strategy. These objectives are clearly mentioned in the Vision & Mission Statement of the club. The Mission Statement is a written memorandum where the ideas & thoughts of the company are communicated & the purpose of the firm is clearly defined to the internal & the external stakeholders. This statement helps the managers in the decision of resource allocation & investment. The Vision Statement is a kind of hereafter planning document which states where the company wants to reach in future. It deals with the questions like what are the companys upcoming projects, what are their future plans, how are they going to achieve those plans etc. These statements are very useful in the strategy making decision of the firm. (Harrison & St. John, 2009, p 74) The anticipation of the future risks & benefits is termed as SWOT analysis in the language of management. It helps in getting knowledge about the past & thinking about probable solutions to an existing or potency problem. The method involves detailed study of the market, the company & competitors. The analysis includes two parts the internal environment includes the forte & weaknesses of the company which is controllable by the company itself. The external environment consists of the threats & opportunities which are completely controlled by the right(prenominal) sources like market & competitors. The product of our choice is British Air ways. Company Background British Airways is the largest airline company based on sizes of the fleets and the second largest in passenger carriage. It is based near the main hub at capital of the United Kingdom Heathrow Airport is the leading airline in the United Kingdom. Previously The British Airways Board was formed in the year 1971 and the task of the board was to control BOAC and BEA, the two nationalized airline corporations. In 1974, British Airways came into existence with the nuclear fusion reaction of two state-owned airlines, British

Comparison of Two Methods of Energy Production Research Paper

Comparison of Two Methods of Energy Production - Research Paper interpreterThe conventional methods of the force-out generation requires fossil fuel as the sources of the power, however, set up resources of nothing generate vigour by the utilization of the sustainable resources of energy, like solar, roll out, geothermal, hydrodynamic, etc. As, the population of the world is growing, the hunger of the power is growing. During the away few decades, the hunger for the power reached to a senior high schooler level (Manwell, McGowan & Rogers, 2009). The fuel prices argon overly climb overdue to the increase in the demand and shortening of the resources. Thus, the conventional power generation methods argon straightaway seem to be costly as compared to the alternate power generation methods. On the other hand, alternate methods of the power generation are not only considered as cost efficient but also environmentally responsible. In this paper, the conventional power generatio n methods and wind power generation method are compared according to the economic stability, environmental stability and the most appropriate future power generation methods. combust is the compound that is mostly utilized for the generation of galvanising energy. Coal is also the dirtiest type of fossil fuels due to the production of solid as well aerosol wastes. Natural gas is the cleanest form of the fossil fuels (Manwell, McGowan & Rogers, 2009). ... to diversify the water into super saturated steam that may have a temperature as high as 600 degrees on the Celsius scale (Manwell, McGowan & Rogers, 2009). High pressure super saturated steam is consequently utilized in the steam turbine engine. The high pressure super saturated steam influences the blades of the turbine to react in response to the high pressure steam. Blades are attached to the rotor that converts the steam energy into rotational motion. The rotational motion is then shifted to the electrical generator that co nverts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. Two major types of alternating current generators are utilizing to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy permanent magnet generators and induction generators. Both are technologies are utilized in the power generation industry depending upon the amount of power generation. Wind energy conversion system is a simple conversion method. Wind strikes with blades of the wind turbine, the turbine blades react with the influence of the wind and produces a rotation in the rotor of the turbine. The rotor rotates the armature of the generator that induces electromotive forces in the corresponding coils and thus generates the electrical current. The blades of the wind turbine are such designed to take maximum advantage form the wind and a break-dance control and gear system ensure the higher performance from the wind turbine. Wind power generation method is becoming more popular due to the higher efficiency and greater depend ability as compared to the other alternate resources. Horizontal axis wind turbines are employed by many an(prenominal) countries to generate electrical energy (Knopper & Ollson, 2011). However, vertical axis wind turbines are gaining popularity dye to simpler design and better performance

Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist - screen ExampleThe paper Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist talks about the artist, Jack Vettriano. In 1999, Vettriano work was exhibited, for the offshoot time in New-York. He produced twenty paintings and all of them were sold after the first day. Vettriano has produced artistic paintings such as, Voyage of Discovery (1992), Dance me to the end of Love (1993) and The cantabile Butlers. 2004 was a outstanding year for Vettriano since his painting, known as the singing butler was sold at Sotheby, Scotland for close to 750,000 dollars and he veritable the Order of British Empire Award (OBE) for his excellent work in visual arts. Jack Vettriano is alike involved in philanthropic activities. In 2008, he donated a painting, the study of blue-birds for auction in the capital of the United Kingdom Trade fair in-order to raise entrepots for the Terrance Higgins Trust. In 2004, Vettriano set up a scholarship for St Andrews University to fund a student who was unable to attend University. These are only but a few examples of Vettriano Philanthropic activities. The style of Vettriano painting is often described genre painting and is viewed as sentimental or gloomy as they often depict elegant men and women, with cigarettes and in cocktail parties hinting at erotic activities with intimacies. Today, Jack Vettriano kit and boodle in his studios in London and Scotland and he has many collectors of his works. The artistic painting ill review is The Singing Butler painting. The Singing Butler is a classic painting and was produced in 1992 and it is suited.

Death and birth of stars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death and birth of stars - Assignment ExampleThe last known supernova occurred about 140 historic period ago in our galaxy. It was not recognized because it occurred dear to the galaxy center. Our galaxy has been deficient in take of supernovas because only one has occurred in about 140 years as opposed to the documented probabilities.4. unmatched solar mass pre-main sequence tends to radiate more energy in the conformation of excessive affectionateness the need to acquire stability. Less energy is radiated upon entry into main sequence. It reaches equilibrium and becomes opaque. Energy tends to be maintain internally and hence less energy radiated and thus the observed reduction in luminosity.5. Collision and amalgamation force possible action it is proposed that peeing came to be on earth as a result of bombardment of comets wet asteroids and ice particles. Even though it may seem right, a humongous number of comets would be required to collide and form the huge should hav e been 6.36 million with a 40% ice-water as mass. This theory could be misleading because such huge number of comets might not have existed to pass close to earth, collide and form water. It is not clear if they could have produced about 1.33x1018 tons of all water on earth. Second is the adhesion of water on interstellar dust particles theory. One theory proposed by Dr. Drake has indicated that water was already present on dust particles from the interstellar clouds. This through computer stimulations has established brawny evidence that through adhesion forces it could just be as true that water came to be on earth chthonic such conditions. These forces were responsible for retention of water on dust particles even under extreme temperatures and pressure. This later joined to form water. This theory poses certain inconsistencies because its hard to really real water could have been held for that long on interstellar dust when planets

Investor Relations with Bear Mountain Wind Park or as stated by Review Dissertation

Investor Relations with Bear view Wind Park or as stated by Review Board in my notes to be uploaded - Dissertation Example......................................................... Anthony Boydell, PhD, Director naturalise of Environment and Sustainability ROYAL ROADS UNIVERSITY December 2010 Marie Louise Vander Heiden, 2010 Abstract This study addressed the communication efforts of Peace zippo co-op (PEC) leading residents of the Peace River region in North Eastern British Columbia to clothe in the Bear Mountain Wind Park (BMWP), a renewable, locally-based, environmentally-responsive wind energy project. A fall out and subsequent email correspondence further explored local expendor interest in renewable energy stakeholder relations. Respondents were actuate and aspired to be a component of environmental change PEC allowed residents to act through financial investment. This study demonstrates media-based communication theory acting as a strong diffusion method in driving soc ial networks to invest in renewable energy however, it does not identify the single ideal method. Understanding significant authoritative factors that draw individuals towards renewable energy investment sources will act positively towards progression to a sustainable planet. Acknowledgements I would like to give thanks to the administrative support I received from PEC and all the members of PEC who benevolent participated in my surveys. Great love and appreciation goes out to my kind, helpful and always encouraging husband, Michael. Thank you to my supervisor, Dr. Richard Kool who make my MEEC thesis experience very challenging but worth the sweat and tears. Rick, you pushed me to be better than I thought possible. My highest regards to Royal Roads University and Staff who were always there for me when I needed the support and management, peculiarly Dr. Milt McClaren who went far beyond my furthest expectations, you are one-of-a-kind. I acknowledge support of my editor, Dr. Mar ie-Terese Little, who provided excellent guidance on APA and Royal Roads University-specific formatting and styling, grammar, sentence structure, syntax, punctuation and verbosity. Finally, to my lovely daughter Leila, I gave conduct to you during this entire thesis process and you not only made it all worth it but you shake me to be the best Mom and Environmental Educator I can be. Table of Contents frequent Interest and Stakeholder Relations 3 Alternatives to Fossil Fuel Energy Sources 4 Purpose of Study 4 Research Questions 5 Research Objectives 7 Chapter 2 Literature Review 9 Climate convince and Global Warming 9 renewable Energy Sources and Public Interest 10 Wind Energy- Attributes 24 Supply and Demand 25 Research Design and Rationale 26 Participants and Site 29 entropy Analysis 31 Early Investors 35 Late Investors 35 No Investors 55 Conclusion 62 List of Abbreviations B.C. British Columbia BMWP Bear Mountain Wind Park EAO Environmental Assessment military position km Ki lometre LP Limited Partnership MW Megawatts PEC Peace Energy Cooperative RECs Renewable energy certificates REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership RPS Renewable Portfolio Standards Chapter 1 Introduction The Peace Energy Cooperative is an education and investment cooperative that promotes the development of renewable energy and looks for investments to make these developments happen while fashioning a return on investment for their member investors. Their only investment to date has been the Bear Mountain Wind Park, described below, although they are also involved with research and development with several other concerns. PEC boasts four hundred

Financial Systems and audits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Systems and audits - Essay lawsuitAn income statement is composed of several items, including sales, costs, increase and decrease in intangible value, taxes, and outstanding shares. Another linchpin accounting record is the balance sheet. A balance sheet categorizes a companys resources such as assets, liabilities and owners equity. According to Pandey (2002), the components of a balance sheet are divided into circulating(prenominal) and long-term categories. Pandey (2002) further observes that these components are listed in rescript of liquidity. Besides a balance sheet and income of statement, a statement of interchange flows is also very great in a note. A statement of immediate payment flow provides one with information about a companys notes receipts and cash payments during a period. According to Khan and Jain (2003), a statement of cash flow has several objectives. Firstly, it is stiff in predicting the amounts timing and ascertaining of future cash flows. Secondly, it indicates how cash is used and generated. For these reasons, it also helps the creditors, stockholders and customers to determine the flow of cash in a business. Thirdly, it helps an entrepreneur to understand the differences betwixt net income and net cash flow from operational activities. Finally, it helps an entrepreneur to look a companys investing activities and financing transactions. 2. Importance of accounting concepts It is all important(predicate) for an entrepreneur to understand different accounting concepts the common of which are business entity, matching concept, money measurement, expiry concern, accounting period, cost concept, realization concept and accrual concept. To understand the importance of each of these concepts it is instructive to examine their roles. To start with, the business entity treats business and owner as two different entities. In other words, a business entity is the very basis of accounting concepts, conventions and princi ples. The money measurement concept allows an entrepreneur to distinguish between transactions that can be expressed in terms of money and those that cannot. The going-concern concept assumes a business entity can carry out its activities for an indefinite period of time. This concept is important as it facilitates the preparation of fiscal statements. The accounting period concept is important in calculating tax, predicting future prospects of a business and assist an entrepreneur to procure credit from financial institutions. The accounting cost concept requires all assets to be enter in the books of account at their purchase price. This requirement is helpful in the sense that it allows an entrepreneur to manoeuvre depreciation of fixed assets. Another key concept is the dual aspect concept which allows an entrepreneur to encounter errors. Another key concept is the realization concept which makes accounting information more objective. Equally important is the accrual concept which helps an entrepreneur to know the actual expenses and income during a particular period of time. In addition, use this concept an entrepreneur should be able to calculate the net profit of his or her business. Finally, there is the matching concept which states that revenue and expenses should be recorded in the same accounting period. This concept should help an entrepreneur to ascertain the exact amount of profit or loss of the business. 3. Factors influencing the structure of accounting systems In order to effectively business it is also important for an

Cell Phones in Schools Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones in Schools EssayWho can work firearm listening to the incessant ringing of a jail cell phone? This does non creat an inviting classroom environment for students. Although cell phones would be useful in the event of an emergency, they should not be allowed in schools because of the increased amount of degraded and social problems.Despite the interruptions, cell phones do provide on advantage. They allow quick communications during quantify of an emergency they also enable students to contact their parents at any time for any reason. One fashion model might be if a student forgot that they have an after school affair to attend for that day, much(prenominal) as a sports practice or tutoring, they could easily notify their parents of the newly needed pick-up time. However, this convenience does not outwiegh the problems cell phones can cause.Disturbances during the school daycan cause students a great distraction. They could ring during class, and students attent ion would divert from the lesson to the phone. Students could indigence to chat in between classes, causing many tardies. They would also cause a riot if bemused or stolen.Besides these factors, allowing cell phones in school could cause an influx of social problems. Kids are already picked on over a number of issues, such as appearances, financial status, etc. If a student is not fortunate enough to afford a cell phone, this would give cause for the other students to bobble them.Overall, cell phone use in school might be slightly advantageous in an emergency sitituation, but they should not be allowed because the problems outweigh the benefits by far.

Commentator on the human condition Essay Example for Free

Commentator on the adult male condition EssayMichael Leunig is a commentator on the hu patch condition who uses sincere, short cartoons to express his ideas to the public. In The Plotter, he conveys the message that society operates in a created maven of urgency. The idea is that the majority of the people believe that acting too slowly upon seeing an opportunity message there will be no other chances of success later on and thus must move quickly. Another idea that arises in The Plotter is that life is a journey and not a destination. This is all shown apply intriguing techniques in his interesting and comical cartoon that captures its viewers. The episode starts out with an private character walk towards the left slowly followed by the screen. Every step is taken with precision, taking nearly the equal amount of time for each step to land, and this is emphasised by the medical specialtyal beat of the backcloth. The music is motion-toned as the pitch rises as a hurry ing man runs from right to left, passing the individual.As the man runs past he calls out , and the individuals response is After this, the pitch is lowered again and the individual continues walking slowly. Only in a matter of seconds, a lady comes running by in the same direction and as she passes she yells to which he replies . One by one, people run past him trying to chasten and mock the leisurely individual for not conforming, however, the individual remains unhurt by their sayings and repeats pleasant quarrel as an answer to the runners.The technique of dialogue and its setting out is very important. It tells the viewer that the individual thinks in his own ways, not conforming to the society that believes in the created sense of urgency. This individual has his own objective in life and wants to live by experiencing everything slowly plot of land others try to make him keep in invoke with the real world hence the call you wont know whats happening, you wont be clev er. Visual techniques use by Michael Leunig to deliver his ideas include twist, foreground/backgrounding and body address.The colour of the background is natural, with the sky in blue and the ground in green as grass usually is. This use of natural colour has connotations to the natural instincts of human beings and thus links with the issue that Leunig suggests. The colour of the people running in the background is darker than the individual who stands in the foreground, possibly containing the meaning of evil in the runners, who together represent the majority of the world.The foregrounding of the individual and the backgrounding of the runners signifies the individual over the other people, as if criticising the world in the background and using the individual character to portray the world that should be as it always is with Michael Leunigs works. The posture and body language of the characters in The Plotter is organised so that the individual is slightly hunched showing th e persons humbleness while the runners are portrayed standing tall and strong showing false confidence. Through these techniques, Michael Leunig illustrates a simple and interesting story with deep meaning,

History of Pakistan 1912 to Date Essay Example for Free

History of Pakistan 1912 to Date Essay1206-1526 The Delhi SultanateSome of the earliest relics of Stone suppurate cosmos were found in the Soan valley near Rawalpindi, dating back to at least 50,000 old age. preponderantly an agricultural region, its inhabitants learned to tame and husband animals and cultivate crops some 9,000 years ago. Farming villages dating from 6000 BC have been excavated in Baluchistan, the North West Frontier Province and Punjab. The Indus Valley Civilization is guessed to have evolved or so 2600 BC. Built on the ruins of fortified towns near Kot Diji, it is now believed to have emerged from farming communities of the area. The Civilization boasted immense cities uniform Moenjodaro and Harappa. These towns were well planned, with paved main roads, multistoried admits, watchtowers, food warehouses, and assembly halls. Their race developed an advanced helping hand that still remains un-deciphered. The Indus Civilizations decline around 1700 BC is attributed to foreign invaders, who at some sites violently undo the cities. But with recent research, historians have become unsure as to the exact causes of decline of the Indus Civilization.Aryans, who were rough cows breeders, came from Central Asia around 1700 BC, seeking grazing land for their herds. Their religion was well developed, with gods identified from elements of nature. They followed a unforgiving caste system, which later became Hindooism. They wrote the first book of Hindu scripture, the Rig Veda, which was a collection of hymns remembered through some(prenominal) generations. Some anthropologists believe that there is no real historical evidence to prove the coming of Aryans, and consider their coming as a myth. In sixth century BC, the people of the region were getting more and more dissatisfied with the Hindu caste system. When Buddha, tidings of a Kshatriya king preached equality in men, his teachings were quickly accept throughout the northern p fraud of the Sub-continent. Around the same time Gandhara, being the eastern intimately province of the Achaemenid empire of Persia, became a major agent in the region. Its two cities Pushkalavati, or present day Charsadda near Peshawar, and the bully Taxila, were the center of civilization and culture.Alexander the Great invaded the Subcontinent in 327 BC. Conquering the Kalash valley, he crossed the mighty Indus at Ohind, sixteen miles north of Attock. He then defeated the mighty elephant army of Porus at Jhelum, and began his march towards the immense Ganges plain. However, he was forced to plan for homeward sailing when his warwary troops refused to advance further. On his steering back, a serious wound, received while battling the Malloi people at Multan, finally took its toll, and Alexander died in 323 BC, go away his subjections for grab among his own officers. Chandragupta Maurya was an exiled member of the royal family of Magadha, a kingdom flourishing since 700 BC on the assert of river Ganges. after(prenominal) Alexanders death, Chandragupta captured Punjab with his allies, and later everywherethrew the king of Magadha in 321 BC to form the Mauryan empire. After twenty-four years of kingship, his word of honor, Bindusara, who added Deccan to the Mauryan direct, succeeded Chandragupta. Ashoka, son of Bindusara, was one of the sterling(prenominal) rulers the world has ever cognize. Not only did he rule a vast empire he also tried to rule it compassionately. After initially causing thousands of lives during his conquest of Kalinga, he decided to rule by the law of piety.He was instrumental in spreading Buddhism inwardly and outside the Sub-continent by building Buddhist monasteries and stupas, and s terminaling out missionaries to foreign lands. The Greek king of Bactria, Demetrius, conquered the capital of Afghanistan River Valley around 195 BC. The Greeks re-built Taxila and Pushkalavati as their t grow capital cities in Gandhara. They were followed in 75 BC by the Scythians, Iranian nomads from Central Asia, and in about 50 BC by the powerful Parthians, from east of the Caspian Sea.After defeating the Greeks in 53 BC, the Parthians ruled the northern Pakistan area. During their era of trade and economic prosperity, the Parthians promoted art and religion. The Gandhara School of art developed, which reflected the glory of Greek, Syrian, Persian and Indian art traditions. The Kushana king, Kujula, ruler of nomad tribes from Central Asia, overthrew the Parthians in 64 AD and took over Gandhara. The Kushans further extended their rule into northwest India and Bay of Bengal, south into Bahawalpur and short of Gujrat, and north till Kashghar and Yarkand, into the Chinese frontier.They made their winter capital at Purushapura, the City of Flowers, now called Peshawar, and their summer capital north of Kabul. Kanishka, the greatest of Kushans, ruled from the year 128 to 151. Trade flourished during his rule, with the Romans t rading in gold for jewelry, perfumes, dyes, spices and textiles. Progress was made in medicament and literature. Thousands of Buddhist monasteries and stupas were built and the best pieces of sculpture in the Gandhara School of art were produced. He was killed in his quietude when his own people resisted his unending expansionist pursuits.The Kushans Empire was usurped both from the North, where the Sassanian Empire of Persia eroded their rule. and the due south where the Gupta Empire took hold. In the fourth century, due to decline in prosperity and trade, the Kushans Empire was reduced to a newborn dynasty of Kidar (Little) Kushans, with the capital now at Peshawar. Coming from Central Asia, the White Huns, originally the horse-riding nomads from China, invaded Gandhara during the fifth century. With declining prosperity, and the sun and fireworshipping Huns reigning the land, Buddhism gradually disappeared from northern Pakistan, taking the glory of the Gandhara School of art with it.After the defeat of Huns by Sassanians and Turks in 565, the area was mostly left to be ruled by small Hindu kingdoms, with the Turki Shahi rulers controlling the area till Gandhara from Afghanistan, and the raja of Kashmir ruling northern Punjab, and the areas east of the Indus. Buddhisms decline continued as more people were converted to Brahman Hindus. Overthrowing the Turki Shahis, the Central Asian Hindu Shahis ruled from 870 till the year 1008. With their capital schematic at Hund on the Indus, their rule extended from Jalalabad in Afghanistan to Multan, and covered as far north as Kashmir.Fasting Buddha from Gandhara region, Central Museum, LahoreBuddha in Dhyana Mudra preserved in Julian monasterySlave Dynasty 1206-1290Khalji Dynasty 1290-1320The founder of the Khalji Dynasty in South Asia, Malik Firuz, was originally the Ariz-iMumalik appointed by Kaiqubad during the days of decline of the Slave Dynasty. He took advantage of the political emptiness that was crea ted due to the incompetence of the successors of Balban. To occupy the throne, he only had to remove the infant Sultan Kaimurs. On June 13 1290, Malik Firuz ascended the throne of Delhi as Jalal-ud-din Firuz Shah. Khaljis were basically Central Asians but had lived in Afghanistan for so long that they had become diametrical from the Turks in terms of customs and manners. Thus the coming of Khaljis to power was more than a dynastic change. As majority of the Muslim population of Delhi was Turk, the arrival of a Khalji ruler was not much welcomed.Yet Jalal-ud-din managed to win the hearts of the people through his mildness and generosity. He retained most of the officers holding key positions in the Slave Dynasty. His own nephew and son-in-law Alauddin Khalji, killed Jalal-ud-din and took over as the new ruler. Alauddins reign is marked by innovative administrative and revenue reforms, market control regulations and a whirlwind period of conquests. It is considered the golden period of the Khalji rule. However, before the death of Alauddin, his house was divided into two camps.This resulted in the ultimate collapse of the Khalji dynasty. On one side were Khizar Khan (Alauddins son and the nominated hair to the throne), Alp Khan (Khizars father in law and the governor of Gujrat) and Malika-i-Jehan (wife of Alauddin and sister of Alp Khan). Malik Kafur led the otherwise camp, who was one of Alauddins most trusted nobles. Malik Kafur managed to win the contest of politics and succeeded in making Shahab-ud-din Umar, a puppyish prince of six years old, as the successor of Alauddin and himself became his regent. However, later his own agents killed Malik Kafur.After the death of Malik Kafur, Qutb-ud-din Mubarik Shah, another son of Alauddin removed his younger brother Umar from the throne and became Sultan in 1316. Mubarik was a worthless ruler and most of his time was spend in drinking and womanizing. During his rule the power was actually in the hands of a lowbo rn Hindu slave, who was given the agnomen of Khusraw Khan by Mubarik himself. Khusraw, with the help of some of his friends killed Mubarik and declared himself the Sultan. With this the rule of the Khalji Dynasty came to an end.Tomb and College of Alauddin Khalji, although the grave is now missingThe incomplete Alai Minar, built by Alauddin KhaljiTughluq Dynasty 1320-1412During his rule, Khusraw replaced Muslim officers by Hindu officers in all key positions of the country. These Hindu officers openly insulted Islam, dishonored mosques and used copies of the Quran as pedestals for idols. This home was very difficult for the Muslim of South Asia to digest. They gathered around a Tughluq noble popularly cognize as Ghazi Malik, who defeated and killed Khusraw. He wanted to give power back to the Khalji Dynasty, but could not begin any survivor amongst the decedents of Alauddin. In this situation, the nobles asked him to become Sultan. He ascended the throne on September 8, 1320, an d assumed the title of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah, thus becoming the founder of the Tughluq dynasty. The Tughluqs belonged to the Qarauna Turk tribe.After becoming Sultan, Ghiyas-ud-din c formerlyntrated on crushing the Hindu rajas, who had gained power during the short rule of Khusraw. He conquered Bengal, which was no longer part of the central empire since the death of Balban. When he came back after the successful Bengal expedition, his son Jauna Khan gave him a very warm welcome. When Ghiyas-ud-din was taking the guard-of-honor, the special(a) stage that had been constructed for the occasion fell down, killing Ghiyas-ud-din and six other people. His son Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded him. Muhammad Tughluq was a man of ideas. He tried to implement a number of his own schemes.Unfortunately for him, almost all his schemes failed and he became unpopular amongst the masses. When he died, his cousin, Firuz Shah was raised to the status of Sultan. Firuz Shahs long rule of 37 years is known for his tall(a) administrative reforms. Due to old age, Firuz Shah handed over power to his son Muhammad Shah during his lifetime. The new Sultan prove incompetent and was not liked by the nobles. A civil war like situation was created. Firuz Shah helped in cooling down the tension and replaced Muhammad Shah with Ghiyas-ud-din, his grandson, as Sultan.However, after the death of Firuz Shah in 1388, a tussle once again began between the power-hungry princes of the house of Tughluqs. The nobles, who in order to gain more power, started supporting one prince or the other, further worsened the situation. This period of fighting amongst the Tughluq princes continued for about quarter of a century. Amir Timurs onslaught on Delhi in 1398 further destroyed the political and economic standing of the Tughluqs. The dynasty eventually came to an end in 1414 when Khizar Khan founded the Saiyid Dynasty in Delhi.Saiyid Dynasty 1414-1451Saiyids Dynasty, claimed to be a descendent of the P rophet of Islam, Hadrat Muhammad (S. A. W.). Thus his established rule is known as the Saiyids Dynasty. Khizar collaborated with Timur during his invasion on India. As a reward, on his departure from the area, Timur made Khizar the governor of Lahore, Multan and Dipalpur. When Mahmud Shah, the furthest of the Tughlaq rulers, died in 1412, Daullat Khan Lodhi and Khizar both attempted to occupy the throne of Delhi. Tomb of Muhammad Shah Saiyid In 1414, Khizar won the battle and established the rule of his dynasty in Delhi. Although Khizar Khan was completely sovereign, he preferred to rule in the shout of Timur, and then in the name of Timurs successor, Shah Rukh.As a result of Timurs invasion and the continuous wars for succession among the successors of Firuz Shah, a number of states and provinces of the Sultanate of Delhi declared their independence. Khizar tried to reintegrate these states through force, but failed in his mission. During his rule, the Sultanate was reduced to Si ndh, westbound Punjab, and Western Uttar Pradesh. Khizar died a natural death on May 20, 1421. His son Mubarik Shah succeeded Khizar. Unlike his father, Mubarik declared himself Sultan.His rule was skilful of internal and external revolts. On February 19 1434, two accomplices of his wazir, Sarwa-ul-Mulk, killed him. The reign of his successors, his nephew Muhammad Shah and Muhammads son Alauddin Alam Shah, were also marked by political instability. The territories of their empires were reduced to a distance of ten miles from Delhi to Palam. Finally, Buhlul Lodhi occupied Delhi and established his rule. Thus the era of Saiyids Dynasty came to an end in 1451.

Health and Safety Program Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety computer programme EssayWith the aim to align with the standards set by the OSHA and ensure employee safety and protection, the company has decided to bring forth a (1) kindal safety program for employees and (2) reduce workers pay cost. Given such(prenominal) changes, the company shall solve on important guidelines and information needed by each employee to actively avail of such incentives. The succeeding(a) section result highlight the coverage of such amenities and benefitsWorkers Compensation and SafetyThe creation of the workers compensation and safety plan seeks to ensure a fair practice among the employers and the employees with the aim of creating compromise between cardinal parties in each ones needs. The following argon included in the overall program1. Rehabilitation of wound Employee2. Insurance Coverage3. Cost AllocationWorkers Compensation InsuranceWith the formalization of compensation policies, the company will provide insurance to its employees based on the followinga. the company will use self-insurance as its form of optionb. the determinant for premium rates shall be computed based on a manual valuation and shall be determined by the Manager of Health and SafetyPlease note that casual employees (part-time) and contractors subcontractors are not subject to such changes.Coverage of Insurance and Safety BenefitsThe company will compensate workers and elevate the expenses of employees who fit in the following categories (1) Out of Employment Injuries, (2) Injuries during course of employment, (3) temporary disability and (4) permanent disability.With such initiative in mind, the company seeks to extend its arm towards its employees and wishes to assure each one that their welfare is taken care of. For the benefit of the workers and the growth of the company.

The attempt to manage population change Essay Example for Free

The attempt to manage community depart EssayThailand had a massive population problem where in 1970 it had a large youthful population and an ageing population which can create a lot of problems for the economy and country in the coming(prenominal) so Thailand had various schemes in order to fix this, these being split into social, economic and political solution.The main way to decrease population is to increase the amount of contraceptives wontd and available by the public so socially condoms became available anyway for example the cinema or festivals even traffic jams, this would mean that much people would have access to condoms and ultimately have less children. Although condoms became the main feature of the weigh, the Thai establishment also supported Mechais efforts by making a wide range of contraceptives available to the public overly for example the pill. Thailand was one of the first countries to use intravenous contraceptive DPMA and is one of the largest users. This was a self-made as most Thais were open to accepting new ideas so were rooting for this new campaign, these contraceptive methods were spread to plain areas too so all of Thailand benefited from this.This also created free and readily available sterilisation which promoted the use of induce control, PDA offer free vasectomies at festivals on the kings birthday too. This success was due to the large egalitarian relationship between men and women, it is also higher than most developed countries in the world and this promoted family intend because of the contraceptive use which was available for both genders, also the advances and improvements in healthcare for mothers and children had a large mathematical function to play in the success of the scheme. Schools and university schemes helped to also teach the younger population about contraceptives and family planning to cross that they use contraceptives in the future, this plan was reinforced by the fact that 90% ha d a high literacy compute which means that the educational opportunities are the same and they are taught the importance of family planning and contraceptive use.They also use things like condoms and cabbages to break cumulus barriers in conversations regarding this subject. Thailands population is largely do up ofBuddhists, around 95% of the population are Buddhist. Family planning in the Buddhist scriptures are also a reason why this scheme has been successful, for example it says many children make you poor telling the population to increase their use of contraceptives to economically benefit which brings me to my next point.The economy plays a large role in the task to bring down the birth rate and decrease the ageing population. PDA offers loans linked to contraception use and preference was accustomed to applicants who were practising family planning. Loans were based on character, credit worthiness and the type of project. Interest rates were substantially lower than han ded-down coinlenders in poor rural communities. This encouraged couples to family plan in order to obtain more money and increase their standard of living leading to the use of contraceptives and healthcare and larger loans were given to those who used more successful methods of contraception.PDA provided loans to build rain water catchment jars for drinking water set up rice banks, pig banks and buffalo banks. The PDA provided loans to build rain water catchment jars for drinking water so No money was involved just a loan in the form of the animal which would benefit those who suffer in rural areas and farm or cant afford to buy meat, this also encourages the use of family planning and contraceptive use. Lastly they recognized the effect that it can have on tourism if HIV/ aid spreads and becomes a high rate, so the economic schemes were successful due to the growth in urban population and also the high rates of urban and industrial growth.I feel that the political deepens cre ated the biggest impact on the attempt on population change and was able to successfully do so, in 1971 family planning was made a national goal so was recognised by the whole of Thailand, Mechai Viravaidya launched the PDA which is an Investment in combatting Aids and poor international reputation for sex tourism which lead to a 20x increase investment funds which reduced from 2% in 1990 to 1.2% 2015. There is also a backup of 100% government enforcement campaign in sex establishments. These schemes were schemes were successful due to the creative drive, imagination marketing from the genius of Mechai Viravaidya in gain the PDA worked closely with the government.In conclusion I feel that the attempt to manage population change has been a success as in 2010 the birth rate has decreased dramatically and these schemes have been recognised globally which shows that there methods to manage the change in population to be very effective and successful for the reasons I have explained.

A Personality Development Theory Applied in Choosing Career Essay Example for Free

A Personality education Theory Applied in Choosing life EssayThis paper attempts to look at the Big v, a personality development theory that is employ in studying the place of ones personality. The Big Five model is a merchandise of empirical research and at present, the most accepted approach among psychologists in studying personality traits. 1 The five factors are kn accept as OCEAN- openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agree fittedness and neuroticism. 2 It is said that theses possession of these traits may be stable for over 45 years that dope cast down from early adulthood. 3 Parts and flock of traits are also heritable genetically.In addition, the traits are result of variation to the environment. Generally, these factors are viewed as comprehensive and have been found in languages of different nations. Knowing where ones place in the dimension can be very useful for ones remediatement and realization of skills, talents and abilities. The Case Dave has grand been dreaming of rangeting up his own tune. After several years of working in the moving in which he definitely did non like, he finally decided to pursue his dream. At this point in time, Dave was not sure of what attempt leave ruff fit his personality.Applying the Big Five Personality Development Theory, we carefully examine Daves personality in order to see what are his dominant traits and characteristics, his weaknesses and 1Buss, D. M. (1996). sociable adaptation and five major factors of personality. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed. ), The five-factor model of personality Theoretical perspectives (pp. 180-207). refreshful York 2Guilford. Soldz, S. , Vaillant, G. E. (1999). The Big Five personality traits and the life course A 45-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 208-2323Buss, D. M. (1996). Social adaptation and five major factors of personality. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed. ), The five-factor model of personality Theoretical perspectives (pp. 180-207 ). New York unleashed talents if ever to be able to fit it with the kind of business that allow for best suit him. This is for the purpose of finding the better enterprise that will complement to his overall personality. This is important because the idea of rateting up a business is a good deal of a risk to take and Dave cannot afford not to be successful in his new chosen field subsequently leaving his long time job.This is somehow a prelude to the future of his business because as the business and manger and owner to be, he will direct the efficiency and effectiveness of his business. To start with, traits and characters must be identified. In this case Dave provided us with some of his characteristics that are assumed to be pertinent in helping him determine the best business for him. Dave mentioned that he was previously a paralegal and he had worked with attorneys and several clients in their law firm. He claimed that he often acts as a leader and in fact he formerly man aged a staff.He added that he posses various leadership qualities though if given a choice, he would rather work alone. Applying the Big Five Personality Earlier, it has been mentioned that Dave, if given the chance will rather work alone, hence, we can conclude that he is an introvert. But since, he had longed desire to have his own business, it is inevitable to work with other person or to a group of person. By the word business, he is going to put up an organization. Building an organization core continuous interaction with other spate and all the accompanied activities will operate in a relational or in a dynamic manner.Example of introversion is being independent and often being quiet. Introvert people favor to do things by themselves and refuses to be helped by others and also disregard group activities because they see themselves more racy if they are alone. They are also the type who minimizes social involvement, in other words they prefer slight socialization. Some of them are deliberately shy and some extreme cases found depression. Given that Dave wanted to put up his business and he also wanted to be alone if possible, I think the best business that will suit him is a coffee let out.Maintaining a coffee shop is not that difficult. common chord to four people can be able to organize the business accordingly. If he will put up a coffee shop, he can be the one at the counter or he can hire another person to do that and all he needs to do is to supervise. Unlike his previous job wherein he had staff to lead to and attorneys and clients to deal with, a coffee shop business will put him in less trouble. If he has a passion in bartending, he can be the one to do it and all he needs to face is the waiter who will be passing the orders to him.As for agreeableness, undoubtedly, Dave has established leadership qualities necessary to operate a business. It will not be hard for him to deal with his employees to be, since he had his fair share on this ma tter on his preceding occupation. On the other hand, Dave showed did not mention about openness but I think it is base hit to say that he is an open person because even if he has introvert qualities he bear with his colleagues for a long period of time and he tried to be a good leader and showed transcendent qualities of leadership in the law firm. Another proof of his openness is his likeness to have his own business.This means that he is open for new changes in his life to happen. Meanwhile, Dave has finally become assertive departing from his old restrained way. This is because at last he had the courage to left his job and starts a new with a business. Lastly, after evaluating the four factors of the Big Five, we can conclude that Dave is in the mid of imaginative and conventional dimension since he had let several years to past before actually realizing his wants, nevertheless he also posters creativeness side as he was able to think of another form of occupation.In this a ctivity, I erudite the importance of knowing your personal traits and characteristics. Being familiar with your limitations and advantages may help you in various ways, likewise, it can help you understand others as well as to deal with them accordingly. Being acquainted with these traits will improve your relationship to other people and most of all it will contribute a lot in realizing your own potential and developing you as a person. References About. com Website (2008).The Big Five Personality Model. Retrieved on January 17, 2008 from http//psychology. about. com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/bigfive. htm Buss, D. M. (1996). Social adaptation and five major factors of personality. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed. ), The five-factor model of personality Theoretical perspectives (pp. 180-207). New York Guilford. Soldz, S. , Vaillant, G. E. (1999). The Big Five personality traits and the life course A 45-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 208-232

The Role of Government in Policy †Making Essay Example for Free

The Role of Government in Policy Making EssayThe habitual polity making process often takes place in a insurance policy environment that is broad and comprises of two official and non-official players. Civil society groups that are organized comprise the membership of non-official players. Such groups include womens lobbies, business associations, labor unions and church systems. On the different hand, positions of the formal state are often sedulous by the official players. These positions derive their guidance and means of exercising their authority from the constitution that exist in the country. In addition it is the political community that describes the formal state positions.A steady transformation which nigh of the time has been unnoticed has been taking place in the American government and debates have marginalized the previous institutions and processes and public policy has recently been centralized on the new processes especi every(prenominal) last(predica te)y the non-governmental ones. By performing the desired act upon for the pack, responsibleness has mostly been shared by the American government as well as non-profit establishments, confused levels of government and the private companies (Kettl, 2000).The process of policy making often starts with unexpected occurrences and mechanisms that are triggering and this leads to disturbance of the day-after-day routines that take place in the environment. This process is the responsibility of policy makers who occupy the pivotal positions as concerns power. These people (policy makers) are often chthonic pressure as they are faced with a variety of competing interests in their quest to come up with informed decisions concerning policies so as to improve the existing conditions and their tasks may become difficult especially in societies where there exist open public expression of opinions and conflicts, for instance the unite States (Kettl, 2000). The shaping of public policy ta kes place under various(a) institutions and levels of government such as the judicial system, legislature, bureaucracy, electric chair among others. The legislative plays various roles and tasks in shaping public policy. The legislature plays the task of formulating policy proposals so that various existing problems can be solved. Policy formulation consists of factual, the theoretical and value premises. In an organizational setting, policy formulation lies with the judiciary of such organizations that are charged with the responsibility of coming up with rational, goal-oriented and responsible policies that could be useful in solving various organizational problems.As a effect, these policies when applied by organization result in efficiency in these institutions. In addition, organizations can then be said to posses drives, value and skills in decision making processes, problem formulation, evaluation and agenda setting. The legislatures other role is making of the laws tha t affect the entire nation positively and at the same time escort that the interests of their constituencies are met finished their representation with the intent of improving the existing quality of life for citizens (Long, 1996).The judiciary on the other hand has actively been active in the process of policy making in United States. The administration of education, penal, environmental protection, welfare and mental health policies has mainly taken place as a result of the participation of the courts in their formulation. Courts also play the role of perceiving crimes that have been committed and judges have the responsibility of monitoring the various activities that are conducted by institutions. In certain circumstances, courts have also attempted to apply out restructuring process in these institutions so that change in their policies as well as processes is implemented (Kettl, 2000). The Salvation Army is a religious based organization, registered in the United States of America, with different goals and objectives. Although the principle objective of the organization is to spread Christianity, the organizational policies and governance is firmly embedded in the US constitution. Therefore, the organization is induce to obey all statutes under the US constitution (Ellickson, 1996). For instance, the Salvation Army is required to operate under the associations act whereby elections for some posts in the organization, are supposed to be conducted as provided for in the law. In addition, the organization operates with a fiscal budget which is subject to auditing as provided for in the law. Therefore, the Salvation Army strives to meet all government legislations making it a law abiding organization. By doing that, the Salvation Army upholds basic tenets which ensure that every citizen enjoys their fundamental rights as provided for in the constitution (Ellickson, 1996).Additionally, the organization participates in promoting good governance, especiall y through its corporate social responsibility arm which extends assistance not only to Americans who are needy yet also the organization has been in the fore front in promoting symmetrical relations through bilateral aid to developing countries.In conclusion, it is evident from the discussion above that the judicial process and especially the judiciary in United States of America, plays a significant role in governance. For an organization like the Salvation Army, the legal process offers the necessary benchmark against which such an organization lays its policies. Finally, for law and order to be realized every organization, irrespective of its ideological leaning must uphold the constitution.ReferenceEllickson, R. C. (1996). Controlling Chronic Misconduct in City Spaces Of Panhandlers, Skid Rows, and universal-Space Zoning. Yale Law Journal, 105(5), 1165-1248. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5000328549Kettl, D. F. (2000). The Transformation of Governance Globalization, Devolution, and the Role of Government. Public formation Review, 60(6), 488. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001131131Long, N. E. (1996). Public Policy and Administration The Goals of Rationality and Responsibility. Public Administration Review, 56(2), 149-4. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5000345114

How Happy could Gay Men be in a Homophobic Society such as Ours Essay Example for Free

How Happy could Gay Men be in a Homophobic Society much(prenominal) as Ours Essay oddity is no longer an undisclosed theme amongst us, and their existence in our society is no longer a question to be raised. As we know, they enrol the aforesaid(prenominal) shops we visit every now and then they ride the same buses and sub vogues we catch they walk the same streets we tread everyday they breathe the same air we do, all for one appargonnt reason they atomic number 18 no less human than any of us in this society could possibly be. Despite the harsh knowledge we all carry ab give absent the existence of these spate who suddenly came out from the box, it still raises contrastive reactions from the crowd of the so called normal raceas the society itself may refer to it. While others have learned to concur the given fact that there is a possibility of alteration to the socially dress circle standard of normality, such as this one on the area of gender, there are still wha tever who scarcely couldnt practice the act of coexistence with these so called new breeds. There are still people who religiously believe that the defiance of the norm such as crossing from one gender to other is absolutely unacceptable. Given this reality, a lot of onslaughts have been do to somehow sway these people out of their enclosed bubbles. Even media, one of the most influential ele handsts in our society, took a step further by recognizing the existence of cheerys and lesbians in their projects themed after different slices of life equivalent the top notching series Will approval, and the award-winning movie Philadelphia.With peoples warm embrace with the idea in despicable pictures, it seemed no far from the possibility that they could, one way or another, welcome the idea in reality with open harness the only question remaining is how wide open could these people extend their arms based on what their televisions feed them? According to Marisa Conolly on her ar ticle entitled Homosexuality on Television The Heterosexualization of Will Grace in Print Media, despite the television show Will Graces attempt to gain the normality of the existence of dauntless men in the society, the show wasnt able to fully relieve the misunderstood bunch.Intentionally or not, certain limitations have been set by the said show, leaving excess provisions among viewers which they could refer to in terms of classifying homosexuality unacceptable and acceptable for the publics eyes. Generally, Will, one of the main characters of the said show who happens to play a part of a supposed homosexual, was somehow portrayed in a heterosexual manner his mere association with Grace, a straight female character, shades the scene to a different color.Their supposed friendship was brought into a different heterosexual hem in of relationship, wherein platonic is brought into a twisted romantic anglesomehow portraying him caught in between the certainty of homosexuality and the tendency to lean on heterosexuality. Unfortunately, their possible interest to sell is totally negating the promotion of the other, and then making it more complicated for the viewers whether to absorb him as a subtle brave who simply seeks intuition, or as a male, in the middle of an identity crisis, still clinging on the idealism of heterosexuality through tricky dramatization of his relationship with a straight woman.The same idea was raised in the film Philadelphia by Jonathan Demme. On the said movie, instead weighing through the inconsistency of the perceived pattern of character, the viewers are simply creation caught in the middle of a life and death situation. sort of of making their viewers understand the real score within the extent of reality that the film itself is providing, they are subconsciously redefining pity as a substitute for this understanding. They have misused the forthcoming of death to the gay personas advantage by playing on it as if sayin g Hey, I am dying now of AIDS, and I am gay.Now that I go away be leaving this venomous place soon, will you please have the compassion of accepting me for who I really am? Personally, I dont think that this is the proper way of educating the people because it is basically misleading. Though the two groups are closely knitted by its constant reception of seclusion from the society, it is unfair to define being gay no different from having AIDS. Being gay is not a deadly viral disease like AIDS it is simply a way of life that is, more often than not, being misunderstood.Upon watching the film, I was left caught at the vagueness of Denzel Washingtons character. I thought at first that he will be the one responsible to set free Tom Hanks character, but by the end of the film, my hopes were dropped on the floor. His supposed homophobia, which I first thought will be the vital element he has as one of the lead character, somehow got lost in the latter part of the story. The issue tack led dealt mainly on Hanks viral illness and how most people generally react to itgiving the homosexuality issue, which is more far-flung in reality, a weak standpoint.The common ground between the two different portrayals of gay men stated above is its tendency to seek for conditions before actually opening the idea of acceptance. For television sitcom Will Grace, they sought for a subtle way to conform with the norms by partially heterosexualizing the gay character, go for the movie Philadelphia, they played with emotions, most specifically guilt, by bringing into their attention that death is an uneventful afterlife for the character.Basically, in their own particular ways, they are always looking for certain loop holes to pull complete gayness acceptablemeaning gayness itself defines no reason to stand on its own. In this case, their noncritical viewers tend to get accustomed in looking for such passages before they actually accept certain circumstances, which unfortunately not every gay man has. In the end, publication of ideas and slices of life such as these only implies that as time passed by the society is still keeping its doors closed to the recognition of homosexualitys existence.Again it only shows the greatest weakness that any society has a aid of the un ordinary. They are not exactly liberation but rather a form of deception in order to switch the attention of the critical public regarding their claim for ample recognition to homosexuals. None of these moving images placed a dot at the end of the statement we accept homosexuality instead, they only made the issue more complex than ever by adding up the condition if and only if to the said declaration. If the shows themselves couldnt accept the fact that gay men exist, how could their viewers do?I could give credit for the attempt pull out gays and lesbians from their malicious-satirical stereotype of simply being unpleasant, loud and mischievous, but still, that doesnt make it ample for me. Compassion may be the best way to seek approval, but seeking proofs out of the ordinary and passing it off as the best solution is nothing but a substandard achievement. Homosexuality isnt actually an issue seeking for a special treatment that will be way too much for a goal now that it couldnt even reach the approval of being lined up on the average level.All gays and lesbians need is the chance to be treated in a normal wayno more and no less than how people accept heterosexualswhere in they are not shoved away as if they are infectious beasts. Since media started this crooked representation of homosexuality on screen in the first place, I believe that they will be the only one who could be this. Next time they produce best selling stories about homosexuals on their reels, they should try taking away those special cases that tend to sensationalize their storieslike exploring Wills manly side as a gay man and Hanks incurable illness.If they want to represent gay men as part of the normal welkin in our society, then they could probably represent them as simple as being another hospitable neighbor from the block without a semi-romantic relationship with a straight female, but rather a chance(a) relationship with another man, or a successful lawyer who need not die at the end of the story just to gain recognition for his success as a lawyer instead, he could just be another lawyer who saved the dayroles as simple as that, just like most heterosexuals portray.In that way, it will seem to be more realistic and fair for these people who usually live under the shadow of our judgmental society.

Shared Talking Styles Essay Example for Free

Shared Talking Styles EssayCommunications General CommunicationsUse the ProQuest database to take root and read the article entitled, Shared Talking Styles Herald New and Lasting Romance. Then, visit the lecture Style Matching website and, using sample written communication between you and another person, follow the directions on the website to retrieve your language style matching score. Write a two-page paper (excluding title and reference pages) intimately your thoughts on this article and your language style matching score. In your paper, be sure to address the spare-time activityDo you think the results provide by the Language Style Matching website are accurate? wherefore or why not? Do you believe that language style matching is a schoolwide way to predict the quality of interpersonal relationships?Find a bank that offers free savings and checking accounts. get a line around and go with an establishment that works often with students and doesnt charge you extra fo r a bunch of olive-sized things. Ask questions and find out if you can bank online so that you can manage your money when it is cheery for you.

The video shop like letters Essay Example for Free

The video shop like letters EssayThe job is to create a logo that lav promote the video shop, and be put on all in all to do with the video shop like letters. My logo should be simple scarcely effective, and not to cheesy. It should enamour peoples eye, and falsify them want to read on. I leave try to do this with colour and tropes. Software Requirements The computer software I choose must be fitted to Import pictures, so that I rouse in reality create the logo. Move and edit pictures, so that the logo can be tweaked, and the pictures do not preserve as their original. Input text, so that the logo has text as well as pictures and so the come across Mercury Entertainment can be on the logo.Shade pictures, so that I can make the logo look and have a professional feel. Overlap and underlay objects, again to create a stylish look, and make the logo look the best it can. Change the text colour, font, and surface, so that I do not have to keep boring Arial text, and can make a good logo. Convert to pictures, so that I can save the copy as a jpeg file, to save space and time committal the original file, and then copying it from there. I could produce the logo using a word processor. This is a limited, notwithstanding simple way of doing the logo.It can do everything above, ap nontextual matter from edit pictures in the way that spic-and-span(prenominal) designs can do. It can wrap text, and edit the b officeness, but it cannot edit pictures in the most(prenominal) expert proficiency that I want, for example, fading different parts of the graphic, or overlapping objects. It would be able to produce the logo, but it might not be as good as if I phthisisd another program. I need it to look the best I can because I want to promote the business as much as possible. I could produce the logo using MS Paint , but this a very basic program, more(prenominal) so than the word processor.It does not have import feature, but you can use traditional copy and paste. It cannot overlap and underlay objects with a toolbar button, but of course, you pull up stakes be able to by just placing one graphic over another. It cannot convert graphics to pictures either well I cannot experience a tool for it. I will produce the logo using Serif PagePlus 8, because it is the most expert program that I have to choose from, and it will help me to create the logo to the entire quality. It can import pictures through with(predicate) the typical copy and paste, and through Insert Picture.It can move pictures through the normal method, by clicking and holding the left mouse button over the picture and then pull it to where you want it to be. It can input text through the keyboard, just as any other program does. To shade a picture, you must spotlight the picture and then click on the attributes tab on the right. Then there is a shade slide bar on the bottom, which you can slide to the right to shade lighter and right for heavier. It can over and under lap objects with the two buttons on the tack toolbar, at the top With these, the left sends the item to the back, and the right one brings the picture to the front.Text is edited in the standard way, by the toolbar at the top, or by clicking Format Character. It can convert things to pictures. You have to shine up the certain graphics you want to be a picture, and then click Tools Convert to Picture It will then come up with a box Select JPEG from the combo box, as it provides a picture with small file size, and therefore easiest and fastest to work with. After this, it will be converted to a jpeg however, it will be inside the page plus publication. To export the picture so that it is a new file, highlight the picture, and click File Export As PictureThis will then open a new window, enabling you to save the picture as a certain format. I chose JPEG, because it has the smallest compression size at a 24-bit format. This will enable me to use it quickly and efficiently. Co nclusion I am way out to use Serif Page plus 8 for my logo, as it is the most professional and enables me to do things in which a word processor and MS Paint cannot. It is much easier to use from a graphic express of view, and it is not hard to put in text. I also know much more approximately it than I do a word processor or MS Paint, which makes it easier to work with.That means, if I use a word processor or MS Paint, it will be very time-consuming to find out how to do things that I am not sure about doing. Outline Plan I will type Mercury Entertainment straight into the package in a logo art format, so that it is more eye-catching, and can be changed to different shapes and colours, and can have shadows and backgrounds. I will modernize my graphics from Microsoft Office Design Gallery. This is because it has a wide selection of clipart and graphics, all available for download. I will bring them onto the page by copy and paste.When you download it, the picture appears in the c lipart window, and you can easily highlight it, and then copy (Ctrl + C) and then go to the Page plus 8 windows and press (Ctrl + V) to import it onto the display. I will probably use Times New Roman, as it is the easiest to read, and the default font, that is not that boring. See below. I will then export the thing as a picture, after highlighting it, so it can be used universally. Appendix Trebuchet MS Nice font, easy-to-read, and practical. Tempus Sans ITC Sophisticated, but not that undefended archetypical time, better for wine lists.Times New Roman Very good, clear, definitely using this, it is very clear for all ages. Verdana Big, very clear, but it does not look attractive. Arial Easy-to-read, but plain, better for kids stories. Book Antiqua Very Attractive, but still clear, definitely using this. Calisto MT Much like Times New Roman, but more kid-like. Comic Sans MS Very plain and young. Graphite Light ATT Sophisticated and cool, but too narrow. Lucida handwrite Very nice, but not too easy-to-read. Design of Promotion Logo Michael Boulter 11. 7.

Selecting Right Partner In Forming International Joint Ventures Management Essay

Selecting Right retainer In Forming trans internal Joint Ventures solicitude EssayOver the former(prenominal) twenty years, in that location has been a surge of interest of companies coming together, galore(postnominal) of which were reflected in the popular worry press and the academic journals of corporate links being formed. Many organisation now uses strategical descent rather than competition among themselves to conjure up their business. These ar formed for a variety of reasons, which include immature engineering science development, expansion to forward-looking domestic marketplace, reducing manuf issueuring price, new crossing development, ability to increase profit margin, monetary support and sharing of economics risk, overcome legal and deal barriers and umpteen to a greater extent. These are some of the reasons why coaction some dates called rendering, alliances or occasion estimate among many a(prenominal) terms are formed. Joint proceed is one of the roughly popular forms of strategic kindred and it utilises separate business entities like cooperation, limited financial obligation come with or federation, this entity makes the mired parties to limit the liabilities involved. In recent years global challenges has fostered many companies from many countries to go into worldwide pronounce post to a greater extent loyaler than in the past, manufacturing companies, oil and gas companies, construction companies, banking sectors, cable car companies and many more than are forming the international marijuana cigarette threatens.ObjectivesAs checkmate selection is pressed to be truly primal to maintain a successful coaction, this module leave alone be focusing on selecting the the accountability way accessory in forming an international joint reckons. The answers will be focusing on the literature on how to select a serious and successful better half when forming a joint reckon. Also the avocation fa ctors will be depended in forming a successful collaborationismThe main characteristics to look for in a unplayful collaborative partner, selection criteria and the strategic, political and tactical implications.The factors thats determines the good partners match in collaboration.And what the ii companies going into collaboration throne do to create good partnership condition.Literature reviewintroductionAs it was started in the objectives in the previous chapter, this overlay will be discussing various factors that are engageed to be highly considered in selecting a partner when forming international joint profess, but before going further downstairs are the definitions of some familiar terms of collaboration.Some Basic DefinitionsCollaborationDifferent companies go into collaboration with different reasons, and the reason why many companies go into collaboration is to try and amass competitive advantage, debut new market and many more. Collaboration accomplish roled vision, reach positive come outcomes for the audience involved and it alike build interdependent system to address issues and opportunities. It is a world in which almost anything, in principle, is practical since you are non limited by your own resources and expertise only but by tapping into resources and expertise of others. ( Huxham and Vangen, 2005). Members of the collaborations needs to be ready and willing to overlap their vision, mission, provide, goals and resources to achieve success.Also Collaboration is the act of working together to create or produce something for mutual profit. (Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, 2001).http//ayanthianandagoda.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/collaboration.jpg common fig tree 1 collaborationSource http//ayanthianandagoda.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/collaboration.jpgJoint venturesThere are many different definition for joint ventures, as experts opinions differ signifi goattly.A joint venture is a strategic alliance formed by dick ens or more parties usually in businesses, partner together to share markets, assets, intellectual property, knowledge and profit. (Valerie, 2006).Stephen et al.(1993) consider joint venture as a form of collaboration. He later defined it as a distinct business entirely created and jointly owned by cardinal or more sustain organisations.Robert L .Wallace ( 2004,) defined joint venture as the coming together of two or more nonsymbiotic businesses in which both of them bewilder sole purpose of achieving a specific outcome that exponent be difficult for each of them to achieve individually.http//www.internationaltrade right wingeousness.org/images/partnership.jpgFig 2 joint venture. Source http//www.internationaltradelaw.org/images/partnership.jpgInternational joint venturesWhen joint ventures crosses across the b coif, it becomes international joint ventures. International joint venture is defined as the joint ventures that involve firms coming together from different countries cooperating across national and cultural boundaries. ( Aimin and Yadong, 2001). At times, international joint ventures are formed by two companies in the same country but fit(p) in a country other than their upraise countries. (Geringer and Hebert 1989).Though major(ip)ity involve two parent firms, one from unknown and the second one a local connection. Also it whitethorn involve partners with interlocking nationality and cultural background. For example, Xerox Shenzhen telephoner formed from Xerox (china) and fuji Xerox (US-Japanese joint venture in Japan.).International Joint VentureFig 3. International joint ventureSource http//t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnshC_GkI4UDgeCMhttp//farm4.static.flickr.com/3504/3841640658_367ae3ab0d.jpgMerger and scholarshipThere is a big difference between merger and acquirement, they should not be mistaken to be the same. Merger is when two companies come together to form a new company magical spell acquisition is when one company purchase anot her company.Fig 4 merger and acquisitionsource form moduleMotives of collaborationAccording to Ian Hewitt (2005), A company should not scarce go into collaboration just because other companies does, in fact different companies go into collaboration for different reasons. Below are a couple of(prenominal) of the reasons why many companies doesIncreasing competitive pres veritable competitors or rivalries in the market is one of the major reasons that force some companies into joint venture.Sharing cost and risk one of the main reasons for joint venture is cost saving and risk sharing. It seconds to achieve synergy through rationalizing of employment and other fixed cost, and it excessively research and development ensure like pharmaceutical, electronics, aero-engine, telecommunication and so on. Joint ventures are frequently apply in capital letter intensive project like power stations or infrastructural projectsEntering new markets partnering with another company already established in a particular market besides helps in entering new and emergence market effectively and it also helps in marketing an existing returns and renovation to new customers.Total-quality- eradicatement. Do more with less it brings about a quality management into business and help in achieving the companies objectives in less time.Access to new technology, technology know how and customers joint venture helps to d sensible in access to and to learn from partners technology , experience and skills as there is a rapid change in technology advancement day by day.Improve access to financial resources coming together of the two companies improves the financial resources.Expand customer base international joint venture also help to elaborate customer base in by making use of partners forte in different geographical area and both develop a wide network.Developing new products a company stinkpot go into joint venture to provide new products or service to their current customers or new customer. Since it is joint venture, the companies discharge develop a new products to sell to their customers.In this new wave of technology, you offernot do it all yourself, you hurt to form alliances. Carlos Slim Helu.The Benefits and RisksHaving considered a couple of(prenominal) of the reasons why companies go into collaboration, it whitethorn sound arouse that collaboration is e actuallything but an extreme care need to be taken when choosing the collaboration partner. Collaboration is good (when the right partner is selected) and it is bad (wrong partner). Before going into details of selection criteria in choosing a partner, downstairs are the types, benefit and Risks associated with collaboration.BenefitsIncreased financial resources and stability it allows the partners to contribute financially to the project in an admit ways to the joint operation and it increases the financial stability of the business.Improve buying power and economies of scale it gives cost advantages and better purchasing power to increase the volume of business.Expansion to new market forming joint ventures sight help in capturing a new market.Share R D, engineering, production costs joint venture helps when a company is trying to enter a new field of business, by forming joint venture with a company already established in the business, it makes it easier to enter into the market. Examples include research institute and national arrangement activity level.Shorten lead time collaboration shorten lead times and it makes it affirmable to achieve more in less time.RisksLoose overall control or desire for control if it is not well managed, the stronger partner becomes a dominant and this can undermine the interest of the other partner and it may eventually leads to termination.Cultural issue the partners essentialiness(prenominal) understand each others stopping point very well by doing an intensive research. Competent team that can negotiate in with people of different culture should be assigned to manage.Foreign exchange risk in joint venture, high volatility in the foreign exchange market, the movements of Dollars, Yen, Pounds, Rupee, Franc and many more cannot be predicted, and even overdue to this in the oil transaction, it is generally accredited in the western world to trade in US dollars.Communication and translation problems multinational project can become more complex if there is communication problem, and it is even better to have a translator or even two translators.Loose identity individual company can move back their identity and they may end up in forming a new name and old customers loyalty may be lost, though if the partnership is well managed it will create new customer loyalty.Partners ruin if the partner failed to deliver, this mat cause a serious consequence or termination to the contract while the objectives have not been meant.Types of collaborationThere are many ways in which collaborati on can be formed, depending on the common objectives of the companies involved. Collaboration can be conclaveed into two namely those delineate the structure of the relationship and those defining the technical or commercial purpose of the relationship. Below are few types of collaboration that can be formed.PurposeResearch Collaboration which is most effective in scientific research and high technology new products.Joint Design and Development involves two or more companies coming together to share the risk of evolution a new product and this often leads to joint or parallel production.Joint Production when two companies agree to produce separate sub-assemblies of the final product and this can leads to joint venture company.Parallel Production when same and similar product is manufacture in two or more countries and one partner leads the development of manufacturing facilities.Licensing formal covenant between two companies where primary company allow to use it design or know-how, or to manufacture a product and it involves payment of royalty fees. It may be of two types namely licensing in and licensing out, or both .Franchising this involves deuce-ace party to market proprietary products or services under the original suppliers brand name e.g. stores and supermarkets, ready food outlets, petrol stations, etc.StructureInformal and Gentlemans Agreements this can be word of mouth harmony usually between partners of common interest and effrontery is crucial. It can be a starting baksheesh for formal arrangement.Strategic Alliances Michael and Srinivasa 1995) said it can be defined by simultaneously possessing the following leash necessary characteristicsTwo or more firm that unite to pursue a set of goals already agreed uponPartner firms share the benefits of the alliance and control over the process of the assigned task two contributes on a continuous basis in one or more strategic areas, e.g technology and product.It has no legal form, i t is a relationship formed between two or more companies that share (proprietary), participate in joint investments, and develop link and processes to improve their performance of their companies. (http//www.apics.org/.). It can lead to insertion of joint venture company.Strategic partnership is a form of strategic alliance in which the partners are linked by a non-controlling level of shareholding, all bilateral or unilateral. (W.J.Bacchus 2005)Joint venture companies this is an independent business entity, it involves self-possession, useable responsibility and financial risk and reward.As it was started in the objectives in the previous chapter, this report will be focusing on joint venture companies.How to select a harmonious PartnerCompanies that are more thorough and comparative in selecting international joint venture partners are more likely to be successful. When there is a need for joint venture, choosing the right partner is another primary(prenominal) factor. Onl y few companies today believe they can achieve their goals and objectives on their own but by seeking partnership with another company to stay ahead in todays global economy, So due to this, there has been an high increase in the numbers of companies coming together around the globe .When a company is going into a joint venture, collaboration dodge need to be established. Furthermore in this report, it should be noted that a company in question will be represented by Company A and other companies that are available to choose from will be represented by capableness partner A,B,CThe company A planning and operational stages can be established as 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stageFig 5. Planning stagesCompany strategic planningFor any company going into collaboration, internal define is the first thing to consider. Internal check allows company A to analyse its performance so far in the competitive market, the knowledge and skills, financial stability and status, government policy, benef it and risks associated with joint venture, and most importantly their objectives of going into collaboration.To properly analyse these factors, S.W.O.T outline can be used as follows SWOTAnalysisS- aptitudeWhat makes company A to uphold strong in the market, backbone of its performance so far and this is part of what will attract a partner to go into joint venture with company A.W- WeaknessesWhere they have been lagging behind, and affecting the company performance, it may be new technology innovation, lacks of skills or experience staff, inadequate training, breaking into new market and many more.O- OpportunitiesOpportunities can be to how strong company A is where it operates, reliability, wide network of customers, government connection, fast developing market, regional growth, license, market expansion and many more.T- ThreatsThe treats can be government policy, competitors, Intellectual property right, fakes or fraud copies etcTable 1. S.W.O.T analyses of Company AAfter the S.W.O.T analysis of company A, having understandably analysed the needs and the objectives of the company, thus a decision can wherefore be made on types of strategy that will be best suited for them, either growing internally to combat the threats and weaknesses analysed while making best out of their opportunities and strength ,or by sourcing for a authorization partner that they both have common objectives, and make sure the SWOT analyses of the two companies complement each other. The company As decision can be to grow internally or to seek a potential partner of product or project relatedness.Fig 6. (Source Class Module) Growth of Company AAt this stage, company A should be clear of the strategy best suited for them, and to assume that collaboration is the best. Then what type of collaboration and with what type of partner. How to maximise the benefit of collaborations and how to mitigate the risks should also be noted. sign Assessments of the Potential PartnersHaving dec ided to go for collaboration (international joint venture), Initial assessment of the potential partners is very essential at this stage before going into details or make any commitment to avoid some of the risks attached to forming a joint venture, which is money and time wasting. In doing this, the following factors need to be considered Objectives the objectives of the two companies should be common and complement each other.Backgrounds conditioned about the companies background is important, knowing about their past, present and future intention records.Reputation integrity of the company going into business with is important as people tend to judge you by the company you keep. have got what people say about them in terms of trust and reputation and also the success of collaboration they have had in the past if there is any. There should be a clear indication that trust can be build inside the relationship.Reliability the company must be reliable to trade with.Experience also it should be checked if they have had any collaboration experience in the past, then what was the outcome of it, if it was a success or failure, What type of management team do they work? chief city they must be financially secured and they do not have credit problems and free from debt .Culture the culture of the potential partners must be well read and soundless. In international joint venture, cultural issues need to be taking care of as different cultural background sees contracts different ways.Structure also the structure in which they operate must be understood, also their mission, vision and values must be clearly considered and check if the joint venture can work.Performance the way they perform in the market is also important, their level of performance in satisfying their customers and suppliers also need to be considered. Their production performance is also important.Product the brand value should complement each other .These are the characteristics to look f or in a potential partner and these factors can be known by checking the websites of the potential partners, company magazines, company reports (quarterly, mid-year, or annual), journals, trade publications, consultants, investment banks, collaboration track records, their suppliers and customers, ex- employee, newspapers and/or from the proposal sent from the potential partner.tactical planningThe next stage is the tactical planning and analysis, it is one of the most important aspect to consider when selecting a partner, having gotten SWOT analyses of your company and all the companies involved.AnalysesCompany APotential partner APotential partner BS- strengthsW- weaknessesO- opportunitiesT- threatsTable 2. S.W.O.T Analyses ComparisonThese allows to compare the general features of each of the potential partners with company As S.W.O.T analysis to check which ones complement each other , and to make initial consideration of the company that can be collaborated with.Key issues and o bjectives at this stage need to be analysed from these S.W.O.T analysis, and the type of options each company can offer in terms of working together. If collaboration is the best, then what type can be the best for each of the potential partners. Which partner share the common strategy with company A. Also what can be the benefits and risk of forming joint venture with each company need to be carefully accessed.Also at this stage, evaluation and initial assessment of most suitable partner attributes is next. Then the objectives must be clearly defined . it must be S.M.A.R.T.S- SpecificM- measurableA- achievableR- realistic andT- time boundThe following factors are must be carefully considered when selecting a partner Cultural issuesIn international joint venture, cooperation between different partners of different cultures can be a major challenge. In America tends to be individualist and not group oriented but unlike the Japanese that practices collectivist and are group oriented. Aimin and Yadong,(2001), Said one partner may impose its cultural values and norms on the other partner without even consider what the latter attribute might be. And later said that Americans are not very good in learning from their partners as Japanese does, so many foreign companies uses joint venture as an easy way of gaining access to America market and technology. And apart from the national culture, company operational culture need to be well access and make sure that there is compatibility in organisational and management practices with potential partner.Other factors that need to be taking into consideration about cultural issues when forming an international joint ventures are Language the language of the contract must be well understood. Since it is international joint venture, it is most likely that the companies comes from a very different nationality, so there must be a common language agreed upon to be used in interpretings. Moreover if it is difficult to communicate better in that language, then a competent interpreter that can easily understand the two languages can be used and to be more clear and perfect, two interpreters can be used. The language must be well understood with no hidden agenda.Negotiation negotiation in international joint venture require a very good management team in order to be successful. The strength and success of o joint venture depends on the interactions of its people. The team must have the experience, skills and attribute it takes to manage joint venture or people with moderate experience but motivated and committed to gain more knowledge. The management team consider the following factors Possible outcome it is essential to outline what the possible outcome of company A and even the potential partners can be. Either it will be a win-lose or win-win approach or mixed.Alternative to agreement also Company A need to have in mind what can be the best alternative to what they have already agreed on, and also what c an be the best alternative for the potential partners as well. Then Company A should adjust a creative ways to strengthen their own and weakens their partners alternatives.Contract termination there must be a clear agreement on how to terminate the deal and the price at which any of the companies can breach the deal must be set and estimated for each company.Records keeping proper record is essential in international joint venture and at the end of every meeting, they need to check what they have already agreed on and what is still open to be discussed.Build trust the team must be very open, ask many questions for clarity, show respect and highlight complementary need and interest.Resources a company going into collaboration might not have the full resources require available to meet the demand and may need to tap resources from the joint venture partner. Resources can be human (people), skills and training, technology, raw materials, manufacturing facilities and so on. It must be ensured that the there will be availability of full resources.Political issuesThe partnership should be checked if it is politically accepted in each country and political risks should be considered.It is possible for the international joint venture to be affected by the political events or political asymmetry in a host country. Also when there is a change in political relationship between the two countries, it may also have an implication on the joint venture. The system of government of the host country, political stability, laws and regulations, existence of other governing bodies must be taken into account.In order to plan ahead of any unforeseen political risk, an insurance policy need to be do and there must be an agreement on financial and operating policies.fiscal issuesThis is another tiny aspect of joint venture, it is very important in choosing a joint venture partner. There must be negotiation and the involved parties should agreed on the financial requirements.Fi nancial status or lay out of all parties involved, debt etc. should be checkedPartners market credibility the market credibility of all the potential partners should be consideredPartnership records their financial performance in the previous partnership they had in the past.Capital character the percentage of capital contribution of each partner should be clearly verbalizeRaising capital in case there will be a need to raise capital, this can be overdraft, short or long loan, government sources etc. likely source must be outlineWorking capital the capital needed while working must be agreed uponShareholding the ownership right of each company should be stated and clearFinancial management structure execution risk to avoid transaction risk due to unstable foreign exchange market, trade in home currency or open foreign bank account in the country where the partner comes from. E.g if companies from US and Uk form a partnership, there can be a an account in US Dollars and an other in Pounds Sterling to run the project.Taxation (import and export) different countries with different tax policy, it is very important to discuss the percentage of taxation in the country, the import and export rateBoard of directors the board of directors should be decided.Chairman the chairman of the joint venture must be decidedGovernance the rule of the countries to govern the joint ventureRole definition each party role must be stated clearlyProfit share the percentage of sharing profit between the parties must also be agreed upon.Inflation possible solution in case of inflation in any of the countries must be taken into account.Resources availability resource availability in terms of assets, equipment, rent, intellectual property right must be well planned.Legal issueIn joint venture company, legal agreement is essential and this can be by word of mouth, gentlemens agreement, memorandum of understanding (MOU), detailed specification, evergreen, full contracts and many more (class module).In international joint venture, the following issues must be consideredGoverning law the law of the country to govern the contract must be agreed upon.Payment method there must be an agreement on the type of payment method accepted.IPR the right of each partner in terms of Intellectual Property Right must be stated. Patent right, copyright, trademarks etc must also be considered.Termination it should be stated under which condition can any partner terminate the contract. common land events that terminates contracts areWhen the contract expiresChange of goal of one of the partnersBreach of contract by any of the partiesFinancial or legal issue.Responsibilities what is expected from each party need to be understoodFinancial right they must know their financial right.Veto power there must not be a partner enforcing power on the otherCommunication the way in which communication will be transferred from place to place must be addressed.Managerial right the level in which each company will operate in terms of management must be stated.Capital what each partner will contribute and what they will get out of it in terms of profit, product etcTransfer of share there must be a mutual agreement on the share transfer, normally the parties entering into a joint venture is not expected to transfer its share to third party without the apply of its joint venture partner.Agreement the management team must ensure that there is a make of agreement between the partners.Language the language of the contract must be plain and well understood by the joint venture companies.Criteria for selecting a partnerClear definitions and Common Objectives select a partner that brings no hidden agenda when negotiating with them, the objectives must complements each other and there must be an recount that the parties need each other, the language of the contract must be well understood.Strategy clarity and compatibility the strategy of company A and the potential partner must be very clear, well understood and compatible with each other.Financial strength it is advisable to partner with a company that has a very strong financial base as it was explain in this module.Mutual benefit win-win attitude and approach is the perfect for the joint venture partner there must be a low risk of either of the partners becoming a competitor.Previous track records it is not advisable to go into joint venture with a company that has a poor track record in terms of partnership, financial or customers satisfaction.Management Culture compatibility as different companies from different countries operates on different culture, there must be a clear understanding of the potential partner culture in compatible the yourCompatibility of CEOs and Senior managersMarket power how strong the potential partner are in the market, customers satisfaction, suppliers relationshipOverseas experience the experience they have in doing business outside their paren t country, how it was managed and the success stories they have had in the past.Product relatedness the products of the joint venture companies must supplement each other, there must be product relatedness.Proper match there must be proper match in terms of objectives, strength, weakness, opportunities, weakness, culture, financial capability, product relatedness, strategy and so on. There must not be gaps left behind or overlook.Common ObjectivesStrengthStrengthMore opportunitiesLess threats